TRADUTTORE…TRADITORE EN OCASIONES
La figura del traductor, tal y como comenta Enrique Badosa es una figura muy poco agradecida y que prácticamente vive en el anonimato, excepto algunos casos muy puntuales.
Este post me gustaría dedicárselo a la figura del traductor pero me gustaría que sirviera también como reflexión sobre la importancia y la repercusión que tiene el proceso de traducción en la difusión y el impacto de la obra del autor en el mercado editorial.
No podemos dejar de lado las palabras de Enrique cuando comenta que un autor es él y sus traductores, analicemos un poco este tema.
Cuando nos referimos al traductor como una figura traidora respecto a la obra deberíamos matizar un poco esta idea. Tal y como comenta Enrique Badosa no se puede generalizar, pero no olvidemos que, en cierta manera, la traducción de una obra acaba siendo una nueva versión de la obra en otra lengua. ¿Qué quiere decir esto? Pues que en el proceso de traducción el texto cambia, se fortalece, se debilita, en cierta manera, sufre un proceso de mutación.
Los problemas de traducción no solo se producen en la traducción completa de una obra, la mayoría de veces los podemos observar en los títulos de las películas, en los títulos de novelas que han llegado a nuestras manos, en cómo notamos al leer una obra traducida que algo falla, etc.
Os pondré un ejemplo claro de la traducción de un título de una novela de Bernhard Schlink Der Vorleser. Esta obra fue escrita en alemán y al ser traducida al inglés se tradujo por The Reader y al castellano o al catalán por El Lector. La película también se tradujo de forma idéntica. En un principio podréis pensar, si conocéis la historia, que la traducción sí que tiene una relación con la historia pero ¿Dónde está el problema? Muy sencillo. Vorleser en alemán quiere decir leer en voz alta, no leer. Si pensamos un poco en el proceso de lectura me daréis la razón en que la lectura es un proceso que va de fuera (la obra) hacia dentro (el lector), en cambio la lectura en voz alta va de dentro (el lector que lee para los demás) hacia fuera (un público concreto, en este caso la protagonista). Por tanto, traduciendo este término como el lector se pierde el verdadero sentido del término que, en realidad, es la clave de toda al historia.
Los italianos fueron más listos la tradujeron por A voce alta: the reader.
Esto nos viene a decir que es muy importante, en el proceso de traducción, reflexionar sobre el verdadero sentido que el autor quiere dar a su obra, conocer la obra a fondo para encontrar pistas y ser, al mismo tiempo, fiel a la intención del autor.
Para acabar os facilito el artículo de Enrique Badosa: https://estheracereda.wordpress.com/2009/12/16/traduttore-traditore/
También os adjunto un artículo de mi bloc donde encontraréis otros casos curiosos de traducción literaria incluído el que aquí os he comentado: https://estheracereda.wordpress.com/curiosidades/
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